A New Energy Era: Nuclear Power and Small Modular Reactors
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through controlled nuclear reactions, offering a clean, reliable, and long-term energy source. Unlike fossil fuel-based power plants, nuclear facilities emit minimal greenhouse gases and are highly efficient in power generation. Traditionally, India’s nuclear energy infrastructure has relied on large-scale reactors. However, the new generation of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) promises a more cost-effective, safer, and flexible alternative.
The central government’s Nuclear Energy Mission, announced in the Union Budget 2025–26, marks a major policy shift aimed at expanding nuclear power access across all Indian states. With a dedicated allocation of ₹20,000 crore, the mission is part of India’s broader strategy to ensure energy security, cut carbon emissions, and meet rising electricity demand.
Bihar’s Big Leap: SMR-based Nuclear Plant Announced
On Tuesday, Union Power Minister Manohar Lal Khattar revealed that Bihar will soon host its first-ever nuclear power plant. This facility, based on Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, will make Bihar one of the first six states to be included under the new national rollout. The announcement came following a meeting of eastern region power ministers, involving representatives from Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Khattar confirmed that the Centre has accepted Bihar’s formal request for a nuclear facility and pledged full support for its implementation. While specific details about the site and capacity are still pending, the move has been hailed as a transformative development for Bihar, historically burdened by power deficits and infrastructure gaps.
Why SMRs Matter: Innovation in Nuclear Energy
Small Modular Reactors represent the next generation of nuclear technology. Unlike conventional nuclear plants that require large-scale construction and cooling infrastructure, SMRs are compact, modular, and can be deployed in smaller grids. They are also considered safer due to passive safety systems and simplified designs, which reduce the risk of large-scale accidents.
Globally, SMRs are being explored as flexible solutions for regions that need reliable electricity without massive infrastructure investments. Their suitability for remote, developing, or resource-constrained regions makes them ideal for states like Bihar, which are working to strengthen power infrastructure while embracing clean energy.
India’s Nuclear Landscape and Bihar’s Opportunity
India currently operates seven nuclear power plants with a total of 22 reactors, and additional units under construction. Most of these are located in southern and western India, such as in Tamil Nadu (Kudankulam), Maharashtra (Tarapur), Gujarat (Kakrapar), and Rajasthan (Rawatbhata). Until now, eastern India has remained outside this nuclear map.
With the SMR-based plant, Bihar is set to join the nuclear energy club, a development that could spur industrial growth, attract investment, and ensure consistent electricity supply across rural and urban areas.
In tandem with the nuclear initiative, the Centre has also cleared a 1,000 MW battery storage project in Bihar. This system will boost grid stability, facilitate renewable energy integration, and is supported through viability gap funding of ₹18 lakh per MW. The announcement follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s foundation-laying ceremony for a 500 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in Siwan on June 20.
Reforms Recognised: Centre Rewards Bihar’s Progress
Minister Khattar acknowledged Bihar’s efforts in modernising its power sector, notably the installation of 8 million smart meters and significant reductions in technical and commercial losses. He praised the state’s progress and approved an additional 500 MW power supply for the next six months to meet peak summer demands.
This recognition comes as part of a broader Power Vision 2035, which outlines a diverse energy mix of thermal, solar, wind, storage, and nuclear capacities to ensure a reliable, low-emission future for India.
Bihar’s Nuclear Future and National Implications
The decision to establish Bihar’s first nuclear power plant signals not just a technological leap but a strategic correction—bringing clean energy to under-served regions. With SMRs poised to redefine nuclear power deployment, Bihar’s inclusion in this mission could set a precedent for equitable, sustainable development.
As India aims to decarbonize its power sector and diversify its energy mix, initiatives like this reflect a forward-looking approach that blends innovation with regional empowerment. For Bihar, it’s more than a power project—it’s a milestone in its journey toward industrial resurgence and energy independence.
(With agency inputs)